Floating Spinach Disks Photosynthesis Demonstration

Watch spinach leaf disks rise  and fall in a baking soda solution in response to photosynthesis. The leaf disks intake carbon dioxide from a baking soda solution and sink to the bottom of a cup of water. When exposed to light, the disks use carbon dioxide and water to produce oxygen and glucose. Oxygen released from the leaves forms tiny bubbles that cause the leaves to float. Photosynthesis Demonstration Materials You can use other leaves for this project besides spinach. Ivy leaves or pokeweed or any smooth-leaf plant work. Avoid fuzzy leaves or areas of leaves that have large veins. fresh spinach leavessingle hole punch or a hard plastic strawbaking soda (sodium bicarbonate)liquid dishwashing detergentplastic syringe (no needle, 10  ccs or larger)clear cup or glasslight source (bright sunlight works or you can use an artificial light) Procedure Prepare a bicarbonate solution by mixing 6.3 grams (about 1/8 teaspoon) baking soda in 300 milliliters of water. The bicarbonate solution acts as a source of dissolved carbon dioxide for photosynthesis.In a separate container, dilute a detergent solution by stirring a drop of dishwashing liquid in about 200 milliliters of water.Fill a cup partly full with the baking soda solution. Add a drop of the detergent solution to this cup. If the solution forms suds, add more baking soda solution until you stop seeing bubbles.Use the hole punch or straw to punch ten to 20 disks from your leaves. Avoid the edges of the leaves or major veins. You want smooth, flat disks.Remove the plunger from the syringe and add the leaf disks.Replace the plunger and slowly depress it to expel as much air as you can without crushing the leaves.Dip the syringe in the baking soda/detergent solution and draw in about 3 ccs of liquid. Tap the syringe to suspend the leaves in the solution.Push the plunger to expel e xcess air, then place your finger over the end of the syringe and pull back on the plunger to create a vacuum.While maintaining the vacuum, swirl the leaf disks in the syringe. After 10 seconds, remove your finger (release the vacuum).You may wish to repeat the vacuum procedure two to three more times to ensure the leaves take up carbon dioxide from the baking soda solution. The disks should sink to the bottom of the syringe when they are ready for the demonstration. If the disks do not sink, use fresh disks and a solution with a higher concentration of baking soda and a bit more detergent.Pour the spinach leaf discs into the cup of baking soda/detergent solution. Dislodge any disks that stick to the side of the container. Initially, the disks should sink to the bottom of the cup.Expose the cup to light. As the leaves produce oxygen, bubbles forming on the surface of the disks will cause them to rise. If you remove the light source from the cup, the leaves eventually will sink.If yo u return the disks to the light, what happens? You can experiment with the intensity and duration of the light and its wavelength. If you would like to set up a control cup, for comparison, prepare a cup containing water with diluted detergent and spinach leaf disks that have not been infiltrated with carbon dioxide.

Applications for Big Data Analysis - 1806 Words

In the last few years the global marketplace has seen exponential growth in data volume. Every day people create unstructured large datasets of different types such as GPS coordinates, payment transactions, web data, e-mails or smart meter values that are termed as big data \cite{nasscom}. The need to derive useful information from such data requires the development of specific tools that are based on techniques as data mining, statistics, artificial intelligence, neural networks and other advanced analytics methods \cite{russom}. The analysis of big data is widely used in insurance, medicine for disease prediction and improved health outcomes, industry for sales prediction and customer relationship optimization and transport \cite{oreilly, kinsey}. There is a wide range of paid or open source tools and techniques for big data analytics: statistical analysis, online analytical processing (OLAP) tools \cite{dwh}, data warehouses (DWH) \cite{dwh}, distributed programming models (e.g., MapReduce \cite{mapreduce}), clouds \cite{cloudcomputing}, complex event processing \cite{cep}, etc. \cite{russom}. The objective of the proposed research is to evaluate different applications for big data analysis using benchmarks for store sales with focus on performance, and to compare their applicability in this context. Two open source applications such as KNIME \cite{knime, rosaria, berthold} and WEKA \cite{weka, hallweka} and two open-source software packages: R language packageShow MoreRelatedStatistical Analysis : The Big Data Analytics1399 Words   |  6 PagesThe big data analytics deals with a large amount of data to work with and also the processing techniques to handle and manage large number of records with many attributes. 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Strategic Plan for Diary Product Australia-Samples for Students

Question: Evaluate the Strategic Plan for Diary Product Australia. Answer: Introduction This report seeks to identify a suitable strategic plan to enable steer Dairy Product Australia firm to greater market levels. The report will address this by employing theories and frameworks related to strategic planning within an organization and assessing the constraints to strategy. The report structure will include an analysis of the firm, SWOT and PESTEL analysis of the firm`s environment, a summary of the firm's gaps, projected firm and functional areas objectives, a strategy for all the functional areas and business level strategy, contingencies, conclusion, and recommendations. Discussion/ Information gathering An Analysis of the Simulation firm Simulations place corporate leaders in a virtual context where they can experience the benefits and consequences of their decisions within a risk-free environment (George, 2013). This way, corporate leaders can exercise prudence when engineering and implementing the strategic plans for their companies in a real business setting. He adds that they are critical in creating capabilities required for superior strategy implementation. This implies that simulations enable the top management to develop and strengthen their capacities applicable for the actualization of superior strategies within their organizations. As such, the activity is essential before actualizing it in a real business setting. The company manufactures table cream, ice cream, sour cream, yogurt and cottage cheese. Its market share in the Australian diary market is quite commendable. This is attributed to its variety of dairy product brands. The firm is located in Victoria, Australia. However, the firm faces stiff competition from other dairy firms. Recently, it has tried to diversify its products. The environment it operates in is quite stable. This gives it an upper hand in the market. However, at times external uncertainties face the firm. Further analysis of the environment using analytical tools The tools I will use are SWOT and PESTEL analysis. PESTEL analysis tool An entity needs to understand the environment in which it operates. It mainly focuses on the external market environmental factors. Organizations have no ultimate control over the external factors regardless of the fact that they notably impact their daily operations. However, entities can put measures in place to mitigate the negative impacts of some of the external market environmental factors to its operations. They include: political, economic, social, cultural, technology and legislation factors (Ray Graham, 2010). These are factors that the company has no control over. The political environment is favourable for the firm since Australia has a stable government. The level of technology useful in diary product industry in the country is high, and this extensively favours the firm by ensuring that it produces high quality and consumer oriented products. All of the rest of the factors are fairly workable with the company. Diagrammatic representation of PESTEL analysis tool is show n below. The internal environment for the firm Internally, the company is doing quite well. The internal factors include managerial functions, competitive factors, financial factors and technical factors (Ray Graham, 2010). For a long time, the firm has been able to hire and retain outstanding staff although such exceptional employees in the company are fewer, has been flexible to change, it has been able to dominate and retain its market share, its liquidity level is remarkable, it possesses great capacities to enter new markets, enjoys large economies of scale and adds significant value to its dairy products. SWOT Analysis tool SWOT analysis is used in establishing the competitive merit of an existing business, and it is an acronym that stands for strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (Edward, 2007). Diary Product Australia has quite strong technical skills in matters manufacturing and processing its products among other skills. However, the firm is struggling with the challenge of the inadequately skilled sales staff. Currently, the company is anticipating tapping into new international markets and weighing on buying out one of its competitors to increase its market share both locally and internationally. The dairy industry in Australia has growth potential and to change immensely in the next decade to satisfy the increasing local and international demands (Council, 2016). Similarly, there are likely alternative markets for the Australian diary industry (Clint, 2017). The company is planning to capitalize on these reported forecasts. Nevertheless, it also faces external threats such as tax hike s, changing legislations regulating the dairy industry and economic crisis and fluctuations just to mention a few. SWOT analysis diagrammatic representation is given below Summary of the gaps in the firm There are fewer gaps in the firm. They include inadequate creative marketing frameworks, a limited number of brands, less number of exceptional staff and limited engagement with customers on social media platforms. Objectives for the company and all its functional areas Company objectives should translate key result areas, for instance, market penetration and the general sales rate growth (Malcolm Ian, 2004). This implies that its chief aim is to increase market share and enhance sales. They add that the objective should be consistent with the strategic plan, compatible with the strengths, weaknesses and the economics of other organizational functions and achievable within budget limitations. As such, it is indispensable for Dairy Product Australia to formulate objectives which are in harmony with its projected strategic plan, congruent with the internal strengths and abilities of the firm, adaptable to its weaknesses and should be successfully attainable within the budget restraints. The firm objectives include: To increase our market penetration both locally and internationally. This will encompass tapping into the existing markets with potential as well as the new markets. Diversify our product brands Increase our engagement with our customers on social media Design and implement innovative marketing frameworks Functional areas objectives: Functional areas are departments which serve specific purposes in an entity to attain its overall objective, and they include: purchase, sales, finance, manufacturing, administrative and human resource departments (Ukessays, 2017). The functional areas work interdependently to steer the company in achieving its overall goals and objectives in a systematic manner. Their overall objectives include: to work in synergy to actualize the general company objectives to grow their operational capacities to enhance their use of technical expertise and skills resources Strategy for all functional areas and overall business strategy Some of the purposes for strategic plans include: changing the company direction, accelerate growth and enhance profitability, allocating resources to areas of best potential and providing a road map of where the firm is going and how to reach there among others (George S., 2010). Similarly, each functional area of an organization creates its objectives and designs strategies to attain them (William Ferrell., 2008). This means that the individual functional areas formulate their objectives and strategies. They add that, however, the strategies of each functional area must back the firm`s general strategy. Strategic planning cycle Functional areas strategy Business-level strategy The business level strategy should help align the competitive strategies of the functional areas to establish synergies (Olivier, 2016). This means that they should be compatible. The company`s business level strategy for 2017-2020 is illustrated. Contingencies It describes an imminent event or situation which is likely, but its predictability is uncertain. This implies that there are situations or events that are anticipated by organizations and which are adverse to their strategic plans but the top management or the strategic planners cannot predict them with absolute certainty. Several essential contingencies for firms include government, customers and competitors, unions, suppliers and technology among others (Tom, Stalker, Lawrence, Lorsch, 2009). For Dairy Product Australia, the chief contingencies may include the change in technology for diary product processing and preservation. This is highly attributed to the increasingly and ever advancing technology globally. Constraints to strategy Constraints to strategic planning cannot be ignored but should instead be considered (Sofat Hiro, 2015). This means that impendent to designing a strategy is almost inevitable to any other organization. Therefore, it is it is decisive for top management or the engineers of the strategic plan to take into account such possible limitations and consequently address them. Some of the possible constraints to the strategy above include lack of the top management`s commitment to the complete successful implementation of the strategy, inadequate resource allocation to the chief aspects of the strategy, and budget constraints. These setbacks may negatively impact the actualization of the planned strategies which may be detrimental to the company. Conclusion The firm`s market performance is fairly remarkable. However, it needs to polish up some areas especially in doing its marketing. Additionally, the planned strategies are appropriate although they call for full commitment to their successful actualization. Recommendations They include: The top management should ensure full commitment to executing the strategies Creative marketing frameworks should be established There should be intensive and interactive engagement with customers particularly on the social media platforms References Clint, J. (2017). Australian diary exports encouraged to look at new markets as...-ABC. Retrieved from www.abc.net.au/news/rural-news/...markets-for-australia-diary.../8654744 Council, A. D. (2016). Australian Diary Industry. Retrieved from www.aph.go.au/Documentstore.ashx? id=647492ba-ebbb-4e15-b436...sabld Edward, G. (2007). Bankable Business Plans. Rowhouse Publishing. George, G. (2013, May 29). The Use of simulation in Business-online Learning Tips. Retrieved from onlinelearningtips.com/2013/05/the-use-of-simulations-in-business/ George, S. (2010). Strategic Planning. Simon and Schuster. Malcolm, M., Ian, D. (2004). Market Segmentation: How to do it, how to profit from it. Butterworth-Heinemann. Olivier, F. (2016). Corporate Level Strategy: Theory and Applications. Routledge. Ray, D., Graham, H. (2010). CIM Coursebook: The Marketing planning process. Routledge. Sofat, R., Hiro, P. (2015). Strategic Financial Management. PHI Learning Pvt Ltd. Tom, B., Stalker, M., Lawrence, R., Lorsch, J. (2009). Contingency Theory- Business Models/ MBA Theories. Retrieved from www.businessmate.org/Article.php? Artikeld=11 Ukessays. (2017). Functional Areas of organizations- UK Essays. Retrieved from https:// www.ukessays.com/essays/information.../ functional-areas-of-organization.php William, P., Ferrell. (2008). Marketing. Cengage.